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Mappings had its origins in the shock-modelling code developed by
Mike Dopita in
the mid-1970s, (Dopita, M.A., 1976 Ap J, 209, 395 - 4010). Since then,
generations of ANU students have helped to build the powerful diagnostic tool
that the code has since become.
In 1981 it was apparent that a more sophisticated solution of the
time-dependent
coupled ionization-cooling equations was required to ensure large dynamic range
and stability, and Luc Binette developed the method of solution which
represents
the central engine of the code today. The first Mappings code
incorporated these
algorithms into a hierarchical structure designed by Mike Dopita and
Luc Binette,
with assistance from Dick Schwartz (U. Missouri). This permitted the code to be
both easily maintainable and readily extendible. At the same time it was
realized that the same code could be applied to both time-dependent and
equilibrium photoionization modelling, and the first equilibrium
photoionization
modules were written by Luc Binette, while the shock modules were the work of
Mike Dopita. This new code, now called Mappings (Modelling And Prediction in
PhotoIonized Nebulae and Gasdynamic Shocks) was rapidly applied to a number of
practical problems of both shock astrophysics and of HII regions (see Dopita,
M.A., Binette, L. and Schwartz, R.D., 1982, ApJ, 261, 183 - 194, Dopita, M.A.,
Binette, L., D'Odorico, S. and Benvenuti, P., 1984, ApJ, 276, 653 - 666, Evans,
I.N. and Dopita, M.A., 1985, ApJS, 58, 125 - 142 and Dopita, M.A. and Evans
I.N., 1986, ApJ 307, 431 - 440.).
After he left the ANU, Luc Binette continued to develop his (Mexican)
version of
the Mappings code independently of the ANU Research school of Astronomy &
Astrophysics (Australian) version of the code that is implemented here. The
Mexican version is available on demand from Luc Binette
Ralph Sutherland began working on Mappings in 1993 and made vast
improvements in
both the photoionization and shock modelling. In particular, he made the code
able to operate over a much wider range of physical conditions and
over the full
range of ionization states, in addition, his organization of the atomic data
into isoelectronic sequences allowed the estimation of many atomic
parameters in
the cases where accurate theoretical or observational data was
lacking. Mappings
thus became a useful tool for time-dependent X-ray shock diagnostics
(Sutherland, R.S., and Dopita, M.A. 1993, ApJ Suppl. 88, 253 - 327). Ralph
continues to work on the code. Ralph and Mark Allen produced the large shock
grid which can be found on this website. Recently, Brent Groves introduced
radiation pressure and more sophisticated dust modelling into Mappings as part
of his PhD thesis. These new dust models include stochastic heating, which
permitted a detailed calculation of the dust re-emission spectrum. The new dust
models with radiation pressure (Dopita, M.A.; Groves, B. A.; Sutherland, R. S.;
Binette, L. & Cecil, G. 2002, ApJ, 572, 753 - 761), are included in Mappings
On-line. Lisa Kewley calculated the pre-run photoionization models (Kewley, L.
J., Dopita, M. A., Sutherland, R. S., Heisler, C. A. & Trevena, J. 2001, ApJ.,
556, 121 - 140) available from this web site.
In order to make Mappings more easily accessible to the general astronomical
community, Lisa Kewley has developed this Mappings On-line web site, with the
help of Claus Leitherer, Doug Mink, and Julia Chen. We hope that you enjoy its
use, and derive many valuable astrophysical results. We ask, as a
courtesy, that
all publications resulting from, or assisted by, the use of Mappings on-line
courtesy, that
all publications resulting from, or assisted by, the use of Mappings on-line
quote the fundamental reference papers listed below:
Photoionization models on-line: Kewley, Dopita, Evans, Groves, Sutherland, Binette
Allen, Leitherer, 2003, in prep
Shock Grid: Sutherland, Dopita, Allen & Kewley, 2003, ApJS, to be submitted
Pre-run starburst models: Kewley et al. 2001, ApJ, 556, 121
Pre-run HII-region models: Dopita et al. 2000, ApJ, 542, 224. |
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